Wednesday, September 28, 2022

ALASKA GALLERY - No. 2


Photo: F.H. Nowell via Wikicommons
Dogsleds meet U.S. Revenue Cuter Corwin during unloading, five miles off the Alaskan shore on June 1, 1907.


Photo
: U.S. Coast Guard
James A. Mitchell III painting depicts U.S. Revenue Cutter Bear, circa 1890, patrolling off the coast of Alaska.



Photo: Wikipedia
Members of U.S. Revenue Cutter 
Perry pose with "Perry Island" in the Bering Sea. The island surfaced during a volcanic eruption in 1906, Wikipedia says. The cutter crew witnessed the island's birth. The landmass slipped beneath the waves five years later.


Photo: Petty Officer 3rd Class Tobias Hofmann


U.S. Coast Guard Petty Officer 1st Class Christopher Houvener (center) and Petty Officer 2nd Class Hamilton Cleverdon visit Diomede, Alaska, on Sept. 21, 2022. Coast Guard Sector Anchorage members deployed to 32 coastal communities hit by Typhoon Merbok to conduct public safety and pollution assessments.


Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. 
Coast Guard Port Security fireboat at Ketchikan, Alaska, during World War Two.


Photo
: Petty Officer 2nd Class Derek Mazur

U.S. 
Coast Guard Cutter Kukui WLB 203, a sea-going buoy tender, arrives in Sitka, Alaska, July 13, 2018, after circumnavigating North America following a year-long overhaul at the Coast Guard Yard in Maryland.



Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Revenue Cutters Tahoma and Unalga patrol the Bering Sea, about 1910.

Saturday, September 17, 2022

ROGER SNOWMAN, PIONEERING AUXILIARIST


Editor's Note: The following was penned by 
Glendon J. Buscher, Jr. of Flotilla 013-05-03 in Boston, History Division-Branch Assistant, HQ History Interviewer

By Glendon J. Buscher, Jr.
U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary 

Boston, Massachusetts - Roger Snowman dedicated himself to the Auxiliary for more than 50 years in various offices, at the flotilla, division, district, and national level. He was elected Commodore of District 1 North at age 36, serving in 1960 and 1961. He is noted to be the youngest person to have become Commodore of that district. Following that he went on to serve as National Operations Officer and then the first National Communications Officer.

The Snowman ancestors originally came from England and settled in Maine. An account of the family history in Ancestry.com states that, while there were Snowman families in other states, most families had settled in Maine. Snowman Name Meaning & Snowman Family History at Ancestry.com®. They were a family of sailors and often coasted up and down the New England seacoast.

Roger’s branch of the family eventually moved to Massachusetts and settled in Chelsea, purchasing a summer home in North Weymouth about 1938. The family would often spend weekends sailing around the waters of North Weymouth and Boston Harbor.  They became active in the Wessagussett Yacht Club, where, as a teenager, Roger met Virginia Mathewson, his future wife, herself an avid sailor. The Mathewson family lived in a large house on Sea Street in North Weymouth.  Sally’s great grandfather, Wilfred B. Mathewson, had established the Mathewson Machine Works on Water Street in West Quincy, Massachusetts. The company made springs for mattresses, being a leader in bringing forth the “box spring” mattress. In 1942, the company bought out the Murray & Tregurtha (M&T) Company, a manufacturer of marine propulsion systems. Murray & Tregurtha, Inc. was founded in 1885.  The combined company. Murray & Tregurtha/Mathewson, relocated to the M&T factory at 2 Hancock Street on the Neponset River in Quincy, where it continued to manufacture both product lines.

Wilfred Mathewson gave Roger and Virginia, as a wedding present, a parcel of land behind the large house on which Roger built a house for himself, his wife and his three daughters, Shirley, Beverly, and Sally. This is now the home of Sally and her husband Jay. Sally recently sat for an interview to give an account of her father’s life.

Roger was born in 1925.  He began his boating experiences around age 7 and by age 14 he was already a skilled sailor. His first boat was a 9-foot Papoose called Seneca. At the time there was also a Coast Guard ship by that name. His second boat was a 16-foot Winabout. Over the years he would have a total of 14 personal boats called by the same name. The largest boat was a 34-foot trawler, although, in later years he downsized to a 20-foot cuddy-cabin inboard.  

 In 1942, after being released early from graduation at Weymouth High School, Roger enlisted in the Navy. He did so under a sense of patriotic duty. Unfortunately, during basic training, he developed rheumatic fever and ultimately was medically discharged, which left him devastated. He felt the effects of this medical condition for a lengthy period thereafter. After the war, Roger went to work for the Murray and Tregurtha division. He began in the factory as a marine engineer and worked his way up to Vice President of sales. In this position he traveled all over the world.

In 1940, Murray & Tregurtha developed for the US Navy a self-contained 360-degree steerable Marine Outboard Drive Propulsion System. During World War II, these units were used by the U.S. military on self-propelled barges, and many continue in service in commercial and military marine operations.  In 1946, Murray & Tregurtha began to build heavy-duty bow thrusters. The Germans had developed a type of bow thrusters, so Roger went over to Germany to study the design. Upon his return, he redesigned and then patented the thruster model. In 1947, the Harbormaster trademark was established by Murray & Tregurtha / Mathewson. The company was later acquired in 1990 by Harbormaster Marine, Inc., of Livonia, Michigan.  www.harbormastermarine.com/History.htm

Patriotic Duty

To fulfill his sense of patriotic duty, Roger decided to join the Coast Guard Auxiliary. He started off in 1946 by taking a Boating Safety course, then went on to take Power Squadron and Auxiliary courses in 1947. On Dec. 15, 1948, he joined the Auxiliary in the Castle Island Flotilla #5-11 in South Boston., where he became Basically Qualified. Even before joining the Auxiliary, he would often sail over from North Weymouth to help with various mechanical tasks at the Coast Guard Station at Point Allerton.

He immediately jumped right into Flotilla activities, serving in 1949-1950 as Flotilla Training Officer, then in 1951-1952, as Flotilla Vice Commander. He was elected and served as Flotilla Commander in 1953-54.  According to an article in the Oct. 15, 1954, edition of the Nor’easter, he was a very popular Commander. He participated in many missions and assists in his 47-foot flagship cabin cruiser the “M & T” (Murray and Tregurtha). The vessel had an outboard motor manufactured by Murray and Tregurtha with 127 horsepower and a 50-inch propeller.

In 1955, Roger was elected Division 5 Vice-Captain and became Division 5 Captain for 1956-57. At that time, he also qualified under the new Motorboat Examination Program and organized Public Education courses at Boston Teachers College for approximately 750 students. A dedicated Auxiliarist, he thereafter went on to serve in just about every other office in the Auxiliary. During his tenure as Division 5 Captain, he formed the Wessagussett Flotilla in North Weymouth.

At age 34, he became District Vice Commodore, where he served 1958-59. In 1960-1961, at age 36, he was elected District Commodore. He was the youngest person to be elected a Commodore in District 1 North. He was sworn into that office by Rear Admiral Edwin J. Roland. In 1960 he was one of the first three members in the country to become AUXOP qualified. As Commodore, he interacted with all other maritime agencies and was eager to take all maritime related courses and serve on all sorts of maritime committees. Even before Vessel Examination as a mission was established, he would often offer to examine his friends’ boats.

As an example of his competitiveness, but at the same time evidencing his humility, between 1955 and 1958, Roger participated in the so-called “Predicted Log Race”, a competition involving a demonstration of course logging and navigation skills. He won this race, or excelled in it, so many times that, to give others a chance, he declined thereafter to participate.

Roger was also an enthusiastic Ham Radio owner and operator and would spend many hours in his basement with his daughter Sally communicating with people around the world. In 1960 he served on the National Communications Committee, which then included OPS and Radio Comms. He became chairman of that committee in 1961 and thereafter, in 1962-63 was appointed National Operations Officer. In 1964 OPS and Communications were separated into separate divisions and Roger moved over to become the first National Communications Officer. For several years after 1971, he also served as District and Division 12 Communications Officer. At some point in his career, he also served as DSO-SL, the District Liaison to the Massachusetts Legislature.

Operation Webfoot

In 1966, he and the Auxiliary participated with the Coast Guard in a training exercise called “Operation Webfoot”. The Auxiliary simulated enemy infiltration and destruction of critical government facilities. Auxiliarists captured the Marine Guards at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, simulated blowing up the Bourne Bridge, the Edison Plant in Weymouth, the Everett Oil Tank facility, and such. The Gurnett light in Plymouth was cherry-bombed.  As part of this exercise, the Auxiliary placed small objects representing bombs in strategic places around the harbor. The Coast Guard was to find them before they were supposed to blow up and destroy key facilities.  Roger himself went around the harbor in the Seneca with simulated bombs and placed them in places such as the Fore River Bridge, on Aids to Navigation and other strategic places.  The Coastguardsmen were unable to find them all and thus “blew up” several key locations.

In February 1968, while examining his boat that was parked next to the Mathewson Plant on the Neponset River, he became aware of a person in distress on the river. A young fellow named James Carr and two other boys had spied a make-shift raft floating at the edge of the river. They climbed into the raft and used a board to push out into the river.

While out on the river, one of the boys, standing on the raft, lost his balance and James reached out to try to steady him. Instead, James fell into the river clothes and all. The weight of the clothes kept pulling him under and made it difficult to swim.  At this point Roger saw the incident and without hesitation jumped in and pulled the boy to safety ashore. It was only later that the boy’s family found out who had saved their son.

For this rescue, Roger was awarded the Auxiliary Plaque of Merit (“A” Award). As defined in the Auxiliary Manual, “The Auxiliary Plaque of Merit (APOM) is awarded to Auxiliarists in recognition of extreme skill in performing an assist or rescue that involves risk to the Auxiliarist’s life.” 

In 1969, due to the increase in recreational boating, Roger oversaw the increase in the number of Divisions in District 1. There were originally only 9 Divisions. His own Wessagussett Flotilla became Flotilla # 1 of Division 12.

In 1976, after graduating from Bridgewater State College, Sally joined the Auxiliary. This was a fortuitous time as, beginning in 1977, Roger became involved back at the Flotilla level and Sally began to go on patrols with her dad. This was a time of special bonding between father and daughter, because during so much of her previous childhood her dad would be away on Auxiliary, Power Squadron, Rotary Club, and local town activities. Sally would go on and earn a master’s degree and a PHD in Teaching. She herself has had an exemplary Auxiliary career. For the last 19 years up until recently she has been the keeper of historic Boston Light and a Member Training and Operations staff officer for Division 12.

Back at the Flotilla level, Roger and his boat Seneca participated in several important events, including OPSAIL 1980 and Sail Boston 1992.  The Seneca served as Press Boat for the July Fourth, 1983, USS Constitution turnaround. In 1982, he personally qualified as crew under the 313-training program at Point Allerton MA, where Auxiliarists could train with Coast Guard boats. In 1983, he completed Navy Survival Training.  Sally has particularly fond memories of these events. In 1984, he received his 35-year service award.

Between 1980 and 1996, Roger requalified under the new Boat Crew Qualification Procedures as Coxswain and Qualification Examiner. He continued his activities as Vessel Examiner, Advanced First Aid and CPR instructor and attended Auxiliary Leadership and Management School (AUXLAMS).  In 1988, he received the 100 Ton Pilots License.

Although, in 1991, Roger was diagnosed with mild Alzheimers, he remained active and alert for as long as he could. However, when the disease progressed, in 1996 he had to give up all these qualifications, Unfortunately, also, his beloved trawler Seneca had to be sold. He and Sally downsized to a 20-foot Shamrock. In October 1994, Sally and fellow Auxiliarist Jay Thompson got married at Boston Light with her dad at her side.  Sally had long told her dad she wanted to be married at Boston Light.

In 1996, the Wessagussett Flotilla disestablished itself and members became part of the Town River Yacht Club. After the further disestablishment of the Town River Yacht Club and then the Metropolitan Yacht Club, Sally is now a member of Flotilla 12-05 at the Braintree Yacht Club.

In 1998 there was a celebration for Roger’s 50th anniversary in the Auxiliary. He received the 50th Anniversary plaque from Commodore Pendergast and a letter of congratulations from Rear Admiral Larrabee.

Roger passed away on Sept. 17, 2001, at age 76. His funeral was held at the McDonald Funeral Home that had once been the Mathewson homestead on Sea Street in North Weymouth.  A large delegation of Auxiliarists and townspeople were in attendance. He was lauded as a great shipmate, leader, and civic activist.  His wife Virginia passed away on Jan. 4, 2014, at age 86.

Sally remembers her father’s legacy as that of a most hard-working, dedicated, patient, loyal, humble person and a great mentor to herself and other Auxiliarists. According to Sally, “he had set in place much of the foundation for what the Auxiliary is today”. He is truly an example of the Auxiliary tradition of service and an inspiration for today’s generation of Auxiliarists.

Friday, September 16, 2022

TWA 800

Image: U.S. Coast Guard
 
The U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary assisted Coast Guard cutters at the crash site of TWA Flight 800 in the Atlantic Ocean off Long Island in July 1996 - one of the deadliest accidents in U.S. aviation.

A total of 200 auxiliarists from 28 flotillas took part in the operation, including auxiliary aircraft, according to John Tiley's history of our service.

Members also filled in at Coast Guard stations for several weeks. 

Arnold Michels, an auxiliary coxswain and World War Two veteran, spent 10 hours aboard the cutter Adak, assisting with the recovery of the bodies of the 230 passengers and crew. 

The captain of the cutter Juniper, Commander Tim Sullivan, said it was difficult duty. 
"When you see a burned teddy bear and kids' shoes and stuff -- I can tell you as a father of four, it affects you," he told The New York Times. 

The explosion of flammable vapors in the Boeing 747's center fuel tank was the likely cause of the accident. More than 95% of the jumbo jet's wreckage was recovered, Wikipedia says.

TWA Flight 800 was flying to Paris and Rome from New York.

Tuesday, August 23, 2022

U-BOAT RESCUE

U.S. Coast Guard PH-2 seaplane bottom left with Navy airship overhead

Carrying survivor ashore from PH-2

Photos: US Navy, US Coast Guard
PH-2 flying boat

The U.S. Coast Guard is, at its core, a humanitarian service and on July 9, 1942, the crew of a Coast Guard PH-2 flying boat rescued seven survivors of a sunken German U-boat off Cape Hatteras, North Carolina.

They had been adrift for two days when they were spotted by a U.S. Navy blimp.

Aboard the Coast Guard seaplane "we were given water and coffee," said Kapitänleutnant Horst Degen, commander of U-701. "We were delivered to the Navy Hospital at Norfolk where we were treated with the greatest care and attention and made into human beings once more."

A U.S. Army bomber had destroyed the U-boat on July 7, killing most of its crew. Survivors provided "incoherent accounts of the sinking," according to a U.S. Navy report, though a torpedoman recalled  "the main lighting failed, but the emergency lights were still on."

The website World War II Today said: "
U-701 had made the most successful mine laying operation in US waters during the war. U-701 laid 15 mines off the entrance to Chesapeake Bay on 12th June 1942. The resulting minefield sank two ships and seriously damaged three others."

It also torpedoed the oil tanker William Rockefeller that June and sank a Navy patrol boat during a gun battle, according to the website.

The Coast Guard's PH-2 flying boat was a twin-engine biplane manufactured by the Hall Aluminum Aircraft Corporation in the 1930s.

Wednesday, August 10, 2022

MISSISSIPPI RIVER - 1927


Flood victims atop railcar


U.S. Coast Guard Relief Fleet

The U.S. Coast Guard performed valiantly during the Great Mississippi River Flood of 1927, considered the most destructive river flood in American history.

Coast Guardsmen
rescued 43,000 people and 11,000 head of livestock from waters that covered 27,000 square miles across state lines with depths up to 30 feet, according to Wikipedia.

The relief fleet consisted of 674 Coast Guardsmen and 128 vessels.

Parts of Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi and Louisiana were inundated, with the water beaching the banks at Vicksburg running 80 miles wide, according to Time magazine.

An Associated Press dispatch in The New York Times said: "From Cairo to the sea, the most menacing flood in recent years was sweeping down the Mississippi River and its tributaries tonight, urged on by continuous rainfalls throughout the basin." 

At least 500 people died during the months-long flooding, which led to the federal Flood Control Act of 1928 and construction of the world's longest system of levees.

More than 600,000 people were directly affected by the disaster.

Future President Herbert Hoover directed overall relief efforts.

A decade later, the Coast Guard was again pressed into flood duty when waters careened through the Ohio River Valley in 1937 - leaving at least 1 million people homeless and claiming at least 300 lives.

Path of flooding

Sunday, August 7, 2022

ALL HANDS - PART 1


Photo
USCG Auxiliary 1401, Tottenville, Staten Island New York auxiliarist Marta Pabon handed out facemasks, water and supplies to first responders in the aftermath of the attack on the World Trade Center in September 2001.
Photo: U.S. Coast Guard Petty Officer 2nd Class Levi Read Bill and Helen Cummings, U.S. Coast Guard auxiliarists from Utica, New York, and Flotilla 2-6, prepare to serve crew of Coast Guard Station Oswego on July 25, 2013.
Photo: U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary volunteer Betty Hagan receives heaving-line from a U.S. Coast Guard 45-foot Response Boat-Medium near Tampa Bay, Florida, on Feb. 25, 2017.

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliary crew preparing to tow disabled boat off Ocean City, New Jersey, on May 2, 1991.

Photo
: U.S. Coast Guard Petty Officer 1st Class Crystalynn A. Kneen

U.S. Coast Guard Rear Admiral Jake Korn, 7th Coast Guard District commander, pins Auxiliary Meritorious Service Medal on Donald Brackett in Pinellas Park, Florida, on Sept. 25, 2013. Brackett joined the Auxiliary in 1947 and served for more than 60 years.

Howard Hillman, Division 1 SO-PA and SO-PB, unveils parade banner, a gift from his sons who are active duty Coast Guardsmen, at division meeting in Greenwood Village, Colorado, on Oct. 21., 2017.



U.S. Coast Guard Auxiliarist observes the Navy's USS Paul F. Foster (DD-964). The Foster was decommissioned in 2003 and converted into a a naval weapons test bed.

Monday, August 1, 2022

COALING A CUTTER

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard

Coal 
was the primary fuel for ships during the 19th Century and early 2oth Century when muscles, steam and shovels ruled the high seas.

Loading coal was tedious and filthy, with crews sweating - and no doubt swearing - for hours to fill a cutter's fuel bunkers. Once a cutter was underway, coal was shoveled and shifted again and again toward the bunkers nearest the boilers.

Boiler stokers and firemen were known in the maritime world as the "black gang" because of the soot that covered their skin and clothes.

Bituminous coal was preferred by many commanders because it "had quick-firing quality and burned hotter, generating faster speeds," according to the U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command, though anthracite burned cleaner.

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
Coaling the cutter Bear on the Baring Sea Patrol in Alaska.
 

Illustration of coaling from a collier.

Some liked it hot. Or were encouraged to do so.

Sunday, July 31, 2022

FANNIE MAY SALTER

 


Photos: U.S. Coast Guard


The U.S. Coast Guard's Fannie May Salter took over the watch at Maryland's Turkey Point Light after her husband, lightkeeper Clarence Walter "Harry" Salter, died in 1925 and she served heroically enduring nature's wrath.

Sparing no expense, the government electrified the station ... two decades after she hired on under the auspices of the old U.S. Lighthouse Service.

In 1939, the lighthouse service merged with the Coast Guard, which finally modernized the light in the 1940s.

The following is a biography from the Coast Guard Historian's Office:

Because of her age, the Civil Service had told Fannie that she could not succeed her husband.  However, she appealed to her senator who took it to the White House, which then overruled the Civil Service. 

She served until August 1947 when she retired at age 65, with 22 years of service as lighthouse keeper, and another 23 years previously assisting her late husband who was keeper at several stations. She stated, "Oh, it was an easy-like chore, but my feet got tired, and climbing the tower has given me fallen arches."

Before the station was electrified, Fannie would fill and light one of the two lamps at dusk, climb the tower and place the lamp within the lens, then recheck it about one hour later, and again at 10 pm before going to bed. 
From her bedroom in the keeper's quarters she could see if the light was functioning properly and would immediately awake if the light ever went out.

With electricity installed in 1943, she only had to turn on a switch, which lit a 100 watt bulb, which in combination with the lens produced 680 candlepower of light. 

Once she had to manually strike the fog bell when it suddenly failed as a steamer was heading for the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal in a fog. She rang the bell four times a minute for 55 minutes until the steamer had safely passed.  In so doing, she was away from the phone when her son-in-law tried to call and tell her that her daughter had given birth to her granddaughter. 

The Lighthouse Board in 1928 authorized $25 per month for a laborer to wind the fog bell striking mechanism for Mrs. Salter during months of the year when fog was prevalent. This fee was reduced to $15 per month in 1932. Upon retirement, she moved to another house six miles away, but she was still within sight of the light. She died at age 83 in 1966.

Sunday, July 24, 2022

SINBAD OF THE COAST GUARD



By Vinny Del Giudice

This is a tale about a famed U.S. Coast Guard dog named "Sinbad the Sailor," a lost family snapshot of a boy named Ed embracing Sinbad - and detective work by a dogged Coast Guard auxiliarist to find Ed.

The dogged auxiliarist, in this case, would be your Denver-based editor who purchased a copy of the book "Sinbad of the Coast Guard," which was first published in 1945, from an online bookseller in Toledo, Ohio.

The family snapshot of Ed and Sinbad was tucked away in the old book.

Loveable Sinbad was an enlisted member of the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Campbell during World War Two, and noted for enduring combat at sea, woofing ham and eggs at mess call and lapping up beer on liberty.

The brown-and-black pooch even attained rank of Chief Petty Officer, Dog (K9C) for his service as a moral builder.

Back to the old book:

Carefully taped inside the cover was a 3x4-inch, black-and-white image inscribed "Ed with Sinbad in 1948." That was the year Sinbad retired from sea duty and took up residence at a Coast Guard lighthouse.

Ed, judging from the photo, was about 13 or 14.

Upon further inspection the title page of the book was inscribed in pen and ink with the name of a Coast Guard chief gunners mate, most likely Ed's dad.

Through the magic of the internet, and with the clues provided, your editor was able to locate Ed's family in Washington state and share the frame in time.

By the way, the collie in the photo is believed to be the family's dog. 

Sadly, both Ed and his father the gunners mate are gone now, as is Sinbad who crossed the bar in 1951.

It is likely Ed's dad served alongside Sinbad on the cutter Campbell.





Photos: U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Campbell WPG-32 at New York Navy Yard in 1940

Saturday, July 23, 2022

COAST GUARD JOURNALISM



Alex Haley, first chief journalist

Editor's Note: This story first appeared in Coast Guard Compass, March 25, 2019

By Lt. Cmdr. Matt Kroll

In a service with limited resources to research its own history, many Coast Guard stories of the past remain untold or unknown. Additionally, the smaller communities outside of cutter and aviation forces get lost in the complex identity of a service made up of five other services and ever-changing missions.

The Coast Guard marked the 70th anniversary of the creation of the journalist rating in 2018, which was one of the two predecessor ratings of the current public affairs specialist rating. Public affairs specialists, in particular, remain an elusive and widely misunderstood part of the Coast Guard and the history of the rating is even more mysterious.

The Coast Guard laid the foundation for the journalist rating during World War II when the United States entered into an information war to counter enemy propaganda and to gain the support for the war from the American people. All of the military branches expanded their public affairs programs (still called public relations at the time) during our efforts in WWII. In the Coast Guard, this included the addition of a temporary enlisted rating for public relations in 1943.

Temporary, or “specialist,” ratings allow the service to add specific skills, mostly to the Coast Guard reserves, needed to complete missions during times of war. In WWII, the Coast Guard created as many as 10 specialist ratings, which included jobs such as dog-horse handler, classification interviewer, chemical warfare, teacher, and public relations. To control the expansion of new specialist ratings, the Coast Guard needed to justify more than 100 jobs, also known as billets, before creating a specialist rating. As the demand for a particular skill grew or diminished, the specialist ratings could be adjusted or abolished as needed.

Specialists (public relations) worked at Coast Guard Headquarters, district public relations offices, and deployed overseas as combat correspondents. They commonly worked alongside photographer’s mates, the imagery side of public affairs. Without a formal training program, the Coast Guard recruited civilian public relations practitioners for the specialist jobs and relied on their industry expertise and newspaper contacts to publish stories about the service’s contributions to WWII.

After the war, the Coast Guard eliminated most of the specialist ratings including public relations. Any correspondents who remained on active duty became a sub-specialty of the yeoman rating known as yeoman (PI). The service reorganized its entire enlisted structure by creating, eliminating and combining several enlisted ratings on April 2, 1948. As part of that initiative, the Coast Guard established and renamed the yeoman (PI) sub-specialty as its own rating, which would be known as journalists.

In the summer of 1949, Alex Haley, the most famous Coast Guard journalist to date, received a transfer into the rating and would become the first chief journalist of the Coast Guard in December later that year. Haley and his fellow journalists continued to support Coast Guard missions by writing articles and press releases to inform the public for the next two and a half decades.

In 1973, the Coast Guard combined the journalist and photographer’s mate ratings to form the photojournalist rating, which was renamed to public affairs specialist in 1984. Today, there are approximately 75 public affairs specialists on active duty who manage the Coast Guard’s day-to-day external communications and deploy to major incidents to conduct public information campaigns.

Tuesday, July 19, 2022

ALASKA GALLERY - No. 1

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
U.S. Coast Guard cutters John Midgett (WHEC 726), Hickory (WLB 212) and Douglas Munro (WHEC 724) moored in Kodiak, Alaska, on May 28, 2019.



Photo: U.S. Coast Guard 
U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Algonquin on ice-breaking duty at Fort Liscum, Alaska, in 1920.


Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
U.S.Revenue Service cutter McCulloch at Kodiak, Alaska, during eruption of Katmai volcano, June 6-8, 1912.

Photo: J.F. Hahn, U.S. Revenue Cutter Service
U.S. Revenue Service cutter Manning offered refuge to residents of Kodiak when the Novarupta volcano erupted in June 1912, showering the town with a foot of ash.

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
MH-60 Jayhawk helicopter on approach to U.S. Coast Guard Air Station Kodiak, Alaska, on June 5, 2019.

Photo: U.S. Coast Guard
Boarding party from U.S. Coast Guard cutter
 Alex Haley alongside fishing vessel Republic West in Bering Sea on May 27, 2021.

Saturday, July 9, 2022

BLACK DUCK



Photos of Black Duck in U.S. Coast Guard custody


Photos: U.S. Coast Guard

While on coastal Prohibition duty, the U.S. Coast Guard patrol boat CG-290 raked the rum runner Black Duck with machine-gun fire, killing 
three of her crew in late December 1929.

The incident in Naragansett Bay, Rhode Island, caused public outrage against the Coast Guard though CG-290's boatswain, Alexander Cornell, and his crew were cleared of wrongdoing. 

The Black Duck, 
considered one of Prohibition's fastest smuggling craft, failed to heave to, Cornell said.

Historians contend the encounter contributed to the end of Prohibition, which was unpopular among the masses and ultimately un-enforceable.

Thursday, July 7, 2022

CIVIL WAR CUTTERS

FIRST NAVAL SHOT






Images: U.S. Coast Guard, Wikipedia
The first naval shot of the U.S. Civil War was fired by the Revenue Cutter Service, predecessor of today's Coast Guard. Cutter Harriet Lane forced the merchant steamer SS Nashville to show its colors during the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter at the war's outbreak on April 13, 1861. The paddle-wheel cutter went onto other engagements, including the Battle of Pig Point, Virginia, in June 1861. Rebel forces captured the Harriet Lane during the Battle of Galveston in Texas on New Year's Day in 1863.


PORTLAND HARBOR

Image: New York Public Library
Confederate raiders destroyed the U.S. Revenue Cutter Caleb Cushing during the Battle of Portland Harbor (Maine) on June 27, 1863.


HAMPTON ROADS

Image: U.S. Coast Guard
Abraham Lincoln is the only sitting president to personally direct an invasion and he did it from the U.S. Revenue Cutter Miami in April 1862. Lincoln, War Secretary Edwin Stanton and Treasury Secretary Salmon Chase sailed to Hampton Roads, Virginia, aboard the cutter for an assault on Confederate-occupied Norfolk. Lincoln ordered bombardment of Sewell’s Point, dispatched a reconnaissance party and presided over the landing of Union regiments that captured Norfolk and its navy yard. 


IRONCLAD






Images: U.S. Coast Guard, Wikipedia
Naugatuck sailed under the U.S. Revenue Cutter Service ensign. It was a one-of-a-kind ironclad with a gun battery that could partially submerge for protection. The odd duck revenue cutter took part in the historic battle of the ironclads CSS Virginia (aka Merrimack) and USS Monitor (lower image, lower right) in Hampton Roads, Virginia, in March 1862 - a battle that rendered wooden warships obsolete.